Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra site was recorded as an UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004. It involves three Indonesian national parks on island of Sumatra: Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The site is recorded under Criteria vii - remarkable grand excellence; ix-an extraordinary case speaking to critical on-going environmental and organic procedures; and x-contains the most imperative and noteworthy normal natural surroundings for in-situ preservation.
Location and size
The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra comprises of three national parks: Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) (8629.75 km2), Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) (13,753.5 km2) and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) (3568 km2). The aggregate range of the rainforest is 25,000 km2. The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra was picked in light of the fact that, to begin with, it speaks to critical zone of woodlands on the island of Sumatra, in view of the biodiversity, of swamp and mountain backwoods. This once limitless island of tropical rainforest has been consolidated to disengaged ranges, in the space of 50 years.
Second, the national stops that make up the legacy are all situated on the surely understood key spine of the Bukit Barisan Mountains, known as the 'Andes of Sumatra', and that inside and out it there are radiant perspectives. The mountains of every site speak to imperative bumpy settings to the built up and created marshes of Sumatra. The blend of the shocking Lake Gunung Tujuh (the most astounding lake in Southeast Asia), the quality of the monster Mount Kerinci fountain of liquid magma, numerous little volcanic, waterfront and icy lakes in regular forested settings. This demonstrates the excellence of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Bukit Sumatra.
Ultimately, every one of the three national parks have an exceptionally differed living space and have extraordinary biodiversity. Through and through the three destinations make up half of the aggregate plant assortment, in Sumatra. No less than 92 neighborhood basic species have been perceived in GLNP. The selection contains populaces of both the world's biggest blossom (Rafflesia arnoldi) and the tallest bloom (Amorphophallus titanium).The Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra has quite recently as of late turn into a part of the World Heritage List, in 2004. 2.5 million hectares of Sumatra's rainforests were incorporated on the World Heritage List of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in view of their rich and distinctive biodiversity.
Geography and climate
Gunung Leuser National Park located in the north of the island is 150 km long, more than 100 km wide and is for the most part bumpy. 40% of the recreation center is steep and more than 1,500 m. 12% of the recreation center just, in the lower southern half, is underneath 600 meters yet for 25 km keeps running down the coast. Eleven tops are more than 2,700 m and the most noteworthy point is Gunung Leuser achieving 3,466 meters. The zone encompassing Gunung Leuser is known as Leuser Ecosystem.
Kerinci Seblat National Park in the inside amplifies 350 km down the back of the Bukit Barisan, averaging 45 km width and 2000 m above ocean level. The northern half has a lower eastern mountain range, between 800–1500 m. Seventy five percent of the recreation center is steep. The most elevated point, and most astounding fountain of liquid magma in Indonesia, is the Mount Kerinci, remaining at 3,805 m.
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is additionally 350 km long yet just 45 km wide all things considered. The northern 66% are rough, averaging 1,500 m with the most astounding point, Mount Pulung remaining at 1,964 m. The southern half is lower; 90 km of it is a cape and the recreation center outskirts the ocean for a large portion of its length. A considerable lot of streams determine in the parks and there are a few lakes and hot springs.
The mountains have year-round small changing high temperatures, high dampness and high precipitation for 9 months in wetter territories, 7 months in drier zones. This atmosphere has energized the high speciation (arrangement of new species) and assortment of species. Gunung Leuser, gets 3000 mm of precipitation, in the north, and gathers 4657 mm in the swamp south. Temperatures normal between 21 °C to 28 °C and the mugginess is constantly above 60%, particularly when more than 1700 m. In Kerinci Seblat, the precipitation midpoints 2990 mm, temperatures range from 16° to 28 °C and dampness is constantly high (77-90%). In Bukit Barisan Selatan, the rough west is wet particularly amid the November to May rainstorm: precipitation is 3000–4000 mm. The east is drier, with 2500–3000 mm of precipitation and the temperature running between 20°and 28 °C.
Flora and fauna
GLNP is a part of the 18 Indonesian areas arranged by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) among the 200 worldwide eco districts of significance for safeguarding of the world's biodiversity. 174 warm blooded animals, 3 being endemic and 21 recorded as undermined in 2000. Little is thought about the littler well evolved creatures. 380 types of feathered creatures are recorded, 13 being endemic and 52 debilitated. A portion of the critical species: the orangutan, Sumatran rhinoceros, and the pigtailed monkey. Essential plants are: Rafflesia arnoldi, and Amorphophallus titanium. A few essential flying creature species: Rueck's blue-flycatcher, and white-winged wood duck.
In KSNP, 85 well evolved creature species are recorded, 5 endemic and 23 recorded undermined 370 types of fowls are recorded, 13 being endemic and 58 debilitated. Some imperative warm blooded animal species: Bornean obfuscated panther, Asian tapir, and Sumatran rhino. The number of inhabitants in Sumatran tigers in the Kerinci Seblat National Park is the most astounding recorded, making it one of the 12 Globally Important Tiger Conservation Landscapes. A few vital feathered creature species: white-winged wood duck and Sumatran ground-cuckoo. A couple of vital plant species: Hopea beccariana and Shorea ovalis ssp. seicea.
BBSNP, has 98 well evolved creatures are recorded, with 1 endemic and 25 undermined 379 types of fowls are recorded, 7 being endemic and 58. 59 reptile and land and water proficient species are recorded. BBSNP has the same fowl species as KSNP. Some imperative warm blooded animal species: Sumatran elephant, and leatherback turtle.